Renewable energies are clean, sustainable, and increasingly competitive sources of energy. They differ from fossil fuels primarily in their diversity, abundance, and potential for utilization anywhere on the planet. Most importantly, they do not produce greenhouse gases, which are responsible for climate change, or polluting emissions. Furthermore, their costs are consistently decreasing, while the general trend for fossil fuel costs is the opposite.
Do you remember when renewable energies had an additional label? They were called "unconventional." It wasn't that long ago because a decade ago solar and wind sources were emerging technologies with great potential but significant doubts about reliability and costs.
However, they have grown very quickly, and today they emerge as the only possible path to meet the global challenge of reducing emissions. Their development has been so strong that the current problem to solve is how to store and distribute that energy within the system and how to use it in other sectors like transportation.
Some companies are working to develop batteries today. We can mention Tesla's Powerpacks, which have been implemented in South Australia alongside a large wind farm, providing electricity to charge the batteries during times of high generation and low demand. This unique project has demonstrated the technical and economic viability of lithium-ion battery-based storage systems.
Among renewable energies, also known as clean energies, we have:
Wind Energy: Energy obtained from the wind, processed by wind turbines
Solar Energy: Energy obtained from the sun, with primary technologies photovoltaic (utilizing sunlight) and solar thermal (harnessing solar heat).
Hydroelectric Energy: Energy derived from rivers and freshwater streams
Biomass and Biogas: Energy extracted from organic matter.
Biomass and Biogas: Energy extracted from organic matter.
Tidal Energy: Energy obtained from tides.
Wave Energy: Energy harnessed from waves.
Bioethanol: An organic fuel suitable for automobiles produced through the fermentation of plant products.
Biodiesel: An organic fuel used in automobiles, among other applications, derived from vegetable oils.
Currently, the focus is on photovoltaic and wind energy, as they are more attractive for future projects due to their sustainability.
Denmark aims to create an artificial island in the North Sea, implementing wind energy projects capable of generating 3 GW from nearly 200 wind turbines.
This power could provide electricity to 3 million European households. Furthermore, the production capacity could triple to reach 10 GW, potentially supplying energy to the rest of Europe.
The artificial energy island VindØ, as seen in the image, will have various designated areas. Access can be by helicopter or boat. There's an area for material storage near the harbor and a residential zone for employees. Additionally, it features a spacious recreational area for leisure activities.
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